If it is the command you want, press the Up arrow, and then hit Enter to use it. If you want to find a command that contains a particular string, you can use an exclamation point and question mark. An interactive search allows you to hop through a list of matching commands and repeat the one you want. As you type the search clue, the first matching command will appear.
The matching commands update as you type each letter. You can use other Linux tools to search the history list. This a great trick to have up your sleeve for whenever you misspell a command or want to rerun one with a different command-line option or parameter.
To use it, type without spaces a caret, the text you want to replace, another caret, the text you want to replace it with, another caret, and then press Enter. You can also delete commands from the history list with the -d delete option. You can also pass a range of commands to the -d option. To delete all list entries from 22 to 32 inclusive , type this command:. When you log in or open a terminal session, the history list is read in from the history file.
In Bash, the default history file is. Any changes you make in your current terminal window session are only written to the history file when you close the terminal window or log out. Suppose you want to open another terminal window to access the full history list, including commands you typed in the first terminal window.
The -a all option allows you to do this in the first terminal window before you open the second. If you want to write all changes to the history list to the history file if you deleted some old commands, for example , you can use the -w write option, like so:. To clear all commands from the history list, you can use the -c clear option, as follows:. If you additionally want to force these changes to the history file, use the -w option, like so:.
If you use any applications that require you to type sensitive information like passwords on the command line, remember this will also be saved in the history file.
This structure includes two commands separated with a semicolon ;. You can use the history 5 command to make sure the command containing the password was removed from the history list.
Because Bash ignores lines that begin with a space by default, just include a space at the start of the line, as follows:. The reason this trick works is contained within the. It also contains some values that control the behavior of the history command. You would follow this structure to add a line to your. To do so, you just add a line like the following to your. This prevents the timestamp from butting up to the commands in the command list.
Now, when you run the history command, you see date- and timestamps. Note that any commands that were in the history list before you added the timestamps will be timestamped with the date and time of the first command that receives a timestamp.
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